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Concept of Percentage and Examples
Percentage is one of the most important chapters in arithmetic. It is necessary to know the clear concepts of percentage. It plays a very important role in the calculation of Data Interpretation, Profit & Loss, SI-CI, etc.
Percentage: The ‘term percent is an abbreviation for the Latin word ‘Percentum’. It means ‘out of every hundred’. It is denoted by the symbol ‘%’
For example –
20% means 20 out of 100.
Each and every ratio can be expressed as a percentage.
For example –
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So, we can convert any fraction into a percentage by multiplying 100. And we need to put the ‘%’ sign.
We can also convert a percentage into a fraction by replacing the ‘%’ sign with and also we need to reduce the fraction into the simplest form.
Let us take few examples –
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We can also convert a percentage into a decimal and a decimal into a percentage.
To convert a percentage into a decimal we need to remove the % sign and need to move the decimal point two places to the left.
Example:
(i) 37% = 0.37
(ii) 27.5% = 0.275
To convert a decimal into a percentage we need to move the decimal point two places to the right (if necessary add zeros) and we need to put the % sign.
Example:
(i) 0.27 = 27%
(ii) 23.53 = 2353%
(iii) 3.5 = 350%
Now we need to remember a few fractions to percentage conversion.
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Formula to calculate the percentage
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From this, we can conclude
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Whenever two numbers are given, then we can express one number as a percentage of another.
Suppose two numbers are m and n. so, when we express ‘m as a percent of n’ then we can write -
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And when we express ‘n as a percent of m’ then we can write -
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Example:
5 is what percent of 20?
Answer:
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Percentage increase or decrease:
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Example:
(i) Height of Ram was 120 cm 3 years ago. His present height is 140 cm. Find the percentage change in his height?
Answer:
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