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Priority Inversion

 

Priority inversion is a phenomenon that can occur in any priority-based preemptive scheduling scheme but is particularly relevant in the context of real-time scheduling. In any priority scheduling scheme, the system should always be executing the task with the highest priority. 

 

Priority inversion occurs when circumstances within the system force a higher-priority task to wait for a lower-priority task. A simple example of priority inversion occurs if a lower-priority task has locked a resource (such as device or a binary semaphore) and a higher-priority task attempts to lock that same resource. The higher-priority task will be put in a blocked state until the resource is available. 

 

If the lower-priority task soon finished with the resource and releases it, the higher-priority task may resume and it is possible that no real-time constraints are violated.

 

Unbounded Priority Inversion

A more serious condition is referred to as an unbounded priority inversion, in which the duration of a priority inversion depends not only on the time required to handle a shared resource but also on the unpredictable actions of other unrelated tasks.